2025Äê½×³Ëº¯Êýc++£¨2025Äê½×³Ëº¯Êýc++´úÂ룩
½×³ËÔõôÇóµ¼
Éèf£¨x£©=x£¡£¬¿Éµ¼º¯Êý±ØÐëÊÇÁ¬ÐøµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÕâÀïxÖ»ÄÜÊÇÈ¥ÕûÊý£¬ËüµÄ¶¨ÒåÓòÊÇÔÚRÉϵÄһЩ¹ÂÁ¢µÄµã£¬ËùÒÔËü²»¿ÉÇ󵼵ġ£Ò»¸öÕýÕûÊýµÄ½×³ËÊÇËùÓÐСÓÚ¼°µÈÓÚ¸ÃÊýµÄÕýÕûÊýµÄ»ý£¬²¢ÇÒ0µÄ½×³ËΪ1¡£×ÔÈ»ÊýnµÄ½×³Ëд×÷n£¡¡£1808Ä꣬»ù˹¶Ù¡¤¿¨ÂüÒý½øÕâ¸ö±íʾ·¨¡£Ò༴n£¡=1¡Á2¡Á3¡Á...¡Án¡£½×³ËÒà¿ÉÒԵݹ鷽ʽ¶¨Ò壺0£¡=1£¬n£¡=£¨n-1£©£¡¡Án¡£
̽ÌÖº¯Êýf£¨x£©=x£¡µÄ¿Éµ¼ÐÔ£¬ÎÒÃÇÏȴӽ׳˵Ļù±¾¶¨ÒåÈëÊÖ¡£½×³Ë±íʾһ¸öÕýÕûÊýËùÓÐСÓÚ¼°µÈÓÚËüµÄÕýÕûÊýµÄ³Ë»ý¡£¶ÔÓÚ×ÔÈ»Êýn£¬½×³Ëд×÷n£¡£¬¼´1¡Á2¡Á3¡Á...¡Án¡£0µÄ½×³Ë¶¨ÒåΪ1£¬¶ønµÄ½×³Ë¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµÝ¹é·½Ê½¶¨ÒåΪ£¨n-1£©£¡¡Án¡£ÔÚÊýѧÖУ¬Ò»¸öº¯ÊýÈô¿Éµ¼£¬ÔòÒâζ×ÅËüÔÚijµãµÄµ¼Êý´æÔÚ¡£
½×³Ëº¯ÊýÔÚ·ÇÕûÊýÖµÉϲ»¿Éµ¼¡£ÒÔÏÂÊǹØÓڽ׳ËÇóµ¼µÄÏêϸ½â½×³ËµÄ¶¨Ò壺½×³Ë±íʾһ¸öÕýÕûÊýËùÓÐСÓÚ¼°µÈÓÚËüµÄÕýÕûÊýµÄ³Ë»ý¡£ÀýÈ磬5£¡ = 1 ¡Á 2 ¡Á 3 ¡Á 4 ¡Á 5 = 120¡£½×³Ëº¯ÊýµÄ¶¨ÒåÓò¾ÖÏÞÓÚÕýÕûÊý£¬¼´ËüÔÚ·ÇÕûÊýÖµÉÏûÓж¨Òå¡£
µÄ½×³ËµÄµ¼ÊýÇ󷨣ºn£¡=n*£¨n-1£©*1£¬3£¡=3*2*1=6¡£µ±º¯Êýy=f£¨x£©µÄ×Ô±äÁ¿xÔÚÒ»µãx0ÉϲúÉúÒ»¸öÔöÁ¿¦¤xʱ£¬º¯ÊýÊä³öÖµµÄÔöÁ¿¦¤yÓë×Ô±äÁ¿ÔöÁ¿¦¤xµÄ±ÈÖµÔÚ¦¤xÇ÷ÓÚ0ʱµÄ¼«ÏÞaÈç¹û´æÔÚ£¬a¼´ÎªÔÚx0´¦µÄµ¼Êý¡£²»ÊÇËùÓеĺ¯Êý¶¼Óе¼Êý£¬Ò»¸öº¯ÊýÒ²²»Ò»¶¨ÔÚËùÓеĵãÉ϶¼Óе¼Êý¡£
¶ÔÊýÇóµ¼·¨£ºÓÉÓڽ׳˺¯ÊýÊÇÒ»¸ö³Ë»ýº¯Êý£¬Ö±½ÓÇ󵼱Ƚϸ´ÔÓ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓöÔÊýÇóµ¼·¨¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬¶ÔµÈʽ$f = x£¡$Á½±ßÈ¡×ÔÈ»¶ÔÊý£¬µÃµ½$ln f = ln$¡£Çóµ¼£º½Ó×Å£¬¶ÔµÈʽ$ln f = ln$Á½±ß¹ØÓÚ$x$Ç󵼡£
Çón!½×³ËµÄº¯Êý
1¡¢n£¡=n¡Á£¨n-1£©¡Á£¨n-2£©¡Á¡¡Á2¡Á1 ±ÈÈçn=5£¬Ôò5µÄ½×³ËµÈÓÚ5¡Á4¡Á3¡Á2¡Á1£¬¼´5£¡=120¡£
2¡¢nµÄ½×³ËË¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½ÈçÏ£ºË¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔϼò½àµÄ±í´ïʽ±íʾ£ºn£¡¡Ö¡Ì£¨2¦Ðn£©*£¨n/e£©^n¡£ÆäÖУ¬n£¡±íʾnµÄ½×³Ë£¬¦ÐÊÇÔ²ÖÜÂÊ£¨Ô¼µÈÓÚ14159£©£¬eÊÇ×ÔÈ»¶ÔÊýµÄµ×£¨Ô¼µÈÓÚ71828£©¡£Ë¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½Í¨¹ý½«½×³Ëת»¯Îª¸ü¼òµ¥µÄº¯ÊýÐÎʽ£¬Ê¹µÃ¼ÆËã¸ü¼Ó¸ßЧ±ã½Ý¡£
3¡¢Ê×Ïȶ¨ÒåÒ»¸öº¯Êý£¬Õâ¸öº¯ÊýÀïµÄÄÚÈÝÇónµÄ½×³Ë£¬·µ»ØÖµÊÇnµÄ½×³Ë£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ¡£º¯Êý¶¨ÒåÍê³ÉÖ®ºó£¬¾ÍÒª¿ªÊ¼Ð´mainº¯ÊýÀïµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬»¹ÊǶ¨Òå±äÁ¿¡£±äÁ¿¶¨Òåºó¾ÍÒª¸³Öµ£¬°ÑsumµÄֵдΪ0.ÒòΪºóÃæµÄÇóºÍ¾ÍÐèÒªsumµÄ³õʼֵΪ0£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ¡£

nµÄ½×³ËË¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½
1¡¢nµÄ½×³ËË¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½ÈçÏ£ºË¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔϼò½àµÄ±í´ïʽ±íʾ£ºn£¡¡Ö¡Ì£¨2¦Ðn£©*£¨n/e£©^n¡£ÆäÖУ¬n£¡±íʾnµÄ½×³Ë£¬¦ÐÊÇÔ²ÖÜÂÊ£¨Ô¼µÈÓÚ14159£©£¬eÊÇ×ÔÈ»¶ÔÊýµÄµ×£¨Ô¼µÈÓÚ71828£©¡£Ë¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½Í¨¹ý½«½×³Ëת»¯Îª¸ü¼òµ¥µÄº¯ÊýÐÎʽ£¬Ê¹µÃ¼ÆËã¸ü¼Ó¸ßЧ±ã½Ý¡£
2¡¢Ë¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½ÊÇÒ»ÌõÓÃÀ´È¡nµÄ½×³ËµÄ½üËÆÖµµÄÊýѧ¹«Ê½¡£ËüÄܹ»½«Çó½â½×³ËµÄ¸´ÔӶȽµµÍµ½¶ÔÊý¼¶£¬¼´Ê¹ÔÚnºÜСµÄʱºò£¬ÆäȡֵҲÒѾʮ·Ö׼ȷ¡£
3¡¢Ë¹ÌØÁÖ¹«Ê½£¨Stirlings approximation£©ÊÇÒ»ÌõÓÃÀ´È¡nµÄ½×³ËµÄ½üËÆÖµµÄÊýѧ¹«Ê½¡£
½×³ËÓÐÄö¹«Ê½?
1¡¢½×³ËµÄÖ÷Òª¹«Ê½£ºÈκδóÓÚ1µÄ×ÔÈ»Êýn½×³Ë±íʾ·½·¨£ºn£¡=1¡Á2¡Á3¡Á¡¡¡Án »ò n£¡=n¡Á£¨n-1£©£¡nµÄË«½×³Ë£ºµ±nÎªÆæÊýʱ±íʾ²»´óÓÚnµÄËùÓÐÆæÊýµÄ³Ë»ý ¡£
2¡¢½×³ËµÄÖ÷Òª¹«Ê½£ºÈκδóÓÚ1µÄ×ÔÈ»Êýn½×³Ë±íʾ·½·¨£ºn£¡=1¡Á2¡Á3¡Á£¿¡Án »ò n£¡=n¡Á£¨n-1£©£¡nµÄË«½×³Ë£ºµ±nÎªÆæÊýʱ±íʾ²»´óÓÚnµÄËùÓÐÆæÊýµÄ³Ë»ý ¡£µ±nΪżÊýʱ±íʾ²»´óÓÚnµÄËùÓÐżÊýµÄ³Ë»ý£¨³ý0Í⣩£¬È磺8£¡=2¡Á4¡Á6¡Á8¡£
3¡¢A£¨m£¬n£©=n£¡/m£¡Ò»°ã±íʾn¸öÔªËØÖÐÈ¡m¸öÅÅÁУ¬ÅÅÁеÄ×Ü·½Ê½Êý¡£C£¨m£¬n£©=n£¡/£¨m£¡£¨n-m+1£©£¡£©Ò»°ã±íʾn¸öÔªËØÖÐÈ¡m¸ö×éºÏ£¬×éºÏµÄ×Ü·½Ê½Êý¡££¡±íʾ½×³Ë£¬´Ó1¿ªÊ¼³Ëµ½Õâ¸öÕýÕûÊý£¬m£¡=1X2X3X£¬X£¨m-1£©Xm¡£